Question 1:

32/13 = int = 2 (in Python 3 this is a float, 2.46)

57%2  = int = 9 

sum(range(8)) = 0+1+2+3+4+5+6+8 = int = 28

42>17 = boolean = True

"do re me".split() = list = ["do", "re", "me"]

"rabbit"[-1] = string = "t"

"dark" + "night" = string = "darknight"

"chocolate"[5:8] = string = "lat"

0.5*10 = float = 5.0

[2,3,5,7,11,13,15][2:4] = list  [5,7]

2**10 = int  = 1024

--
def cylinder_volume(radius,height):
    return math.pi*radius*radius*height

(or)
    return math.pi*(radius**2)*height


Part C.1

repeat("basket",1) means the loop iterates once so

s = s + " " + s makes s "basket basket"

The number of occurrences of "basket" is 2, the function returns 2

Part C.2

If the function iterates 10 times the value of s changes as follows

"fun fun"
--
"fun fun" + " " + "fun fun" == "fun fun fun fun"
--
the number of "fun"'s doubles each time, it's 2**10 after 10 iterations
and the function return 1024

Problem 2:

need 5 strings, only two whose length is 3 or greater

["abcd", "abcd", "a" ,"a", "a"]

need a value of x that's 7 so that 7*8=56 and all other values lower
than 7

[1,2,3,4,5,7]

need a string starting with "a" that's 7-letters long and all other
strings that start with "a" are longer, 

["america", "x", "y", "z"]

easiest list: [30,0,0,0,0]

Part B:

  def zcount(folks):
      tot = 0
      for entry in folks:
          parts = entry.split(":")
          year = int(parts[-1])
          if 1992 <= year <= 2010:
              tot = tot + 1
      return tot

(OR)

     temp = [1 for x in folks if int(x.split(":")[2]) in range(1992,2011)]
     return sum(temp)

Problem 3:

def nocommas(num):
    x = num.split(",")
    y = ''.join(x)
    return int(y)

(OR)

    x = num.split(",")
    st = ""
    for n in x:
        st += n
    return int(st)

Part B:

def insert_commas(num):
    s = ""
    while num != 0:
        last = num % 1000
        num = num/1000
        s = str(last) + "," + s

    return s[:-1]   # extra comma at end

Problem 4:

the loop is over a range because an index
needs to be returned, the index of the
first makeable sandwich. The range with
len(orders) gives all valid indexes for the list
orders

the number of 1's in the list makes is the number
of ingredients in parts that are available. If the 
sum of the 1's equals the length of parts then all
ingredients are available and the sandwich can be made

A value of -1 is returned if NO sandwich can be made.
Every sandwich must be examined, that's what the loop
is for. Only after the loop can a value of -1 be returned.
A return within the loop might cause the function to
exit/return before examining every sandwich

--
def check(word):
    pc = word.count("pi")
    kc = word.count("ka")
    cc = word.count("chu")
    if 2*pc + 2*kc + 3*cc == len(word):
        return "YES"
    else:
        return "NO"

(OR)

   while len(word) != 0:
       if word.startswith("pi") or word.startswith("ka"):
           word = word[2:]
       elif word.startswith("chu"):
           word = word[3:]
       else:
           return "NO"
   return "YES"