Memory/Storage Hierarchy 101

P

$

Memory

Very fast 1ns clock

Multiple Instructions

per cycle

SRAM, Fast, Small

Expensive (cache, registers)

DRAM, Slow, Big,Cheaper

(called physical or main)

$1000-$2000 per GB or so

=> Cost Effective Memory System (Price/Performance)

Magnetic, Rotational,

Really Slow Seeks,

Really Big, Really Cheap

($25 - $40 per GB)

“CPU-DRAM gap”

memory system architecture

(CPS 104)

“I/O bottleneck”

VM and file caching

(CPS 110)

volatile

nonvolatile

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